Once I was a clever boy learning the arts of Oxford... is a quotation from the verses written by Bishop Richard Fleming (c.1385-1431) for his tomb in Lincoln Cathedral. Fleming, the founder of Lincoln College in Oxford, is the subject of my research for a D. Phil., and, like me, a son of the West Riding. I have remarked in the past that I have a deeply meaningful on-going relationship with a dead fifteenth century bishop... it was Fleming who, in effect, enabled me to come to Oxford and to learn its arts, and for that I am immensely grateful.


Sunday, 1 September 2024

St Giles


Were today not a Sunday, unless it is the patronal feast of a particular church and hence a local solemnity, today would be the feast or commemoration of St Giles.

Because of my baptism in the church dedicated to him in Pontefract, and many years of worshiping and working there, St Giles occupies a prominent place in my personal calendar of Saints. He has also appeared frequently on this day on this blog.

Looking on the internet I came upon an article from the V&A Blog..Although its occasionally flippant style rather grates with me I think it worth sharing, not least for its illustrations of items from the V&A collection. I do not think I have linked to it beforehand. The article can be viewed at St. Giles • V&A Blog

My previous posts about his life and legend, and to devotion to St Giles, can be accessed, with quite a collection of images of this saint who was very popular with medieval people, starting from 2010 with  St Giles by Thomas of Coloswar

In 2012 I wrote St Giles and his shrine

2014.had St Giles in art and devotion and 2015 has St Giles

After an interval I returned to the subject with in 2021 St Giles and in 2022 St Giles
 
In 2023 I concentrated on his burial place with St Giles and his shrine church.

In respect of other churches under his patronage I wrote in 2013 about my baptismal church in St Giles in Pontefract and in 2020 about St Giles in Edinburgh


May St Giles pray for us all


How to get on in Society in Angevin England


Medievalists. net has an interesting piece about the Book of the Civilised Man by Daniel of Beccles. This is linked to the publication of a new translation of the text.

Dated to about 1200 this 3000 line poem is the first ( or first to survive ) of what later centuries were to know by the later middle ages as Books of Courtesy. The suggestion is that Daniel, of whom very little is known as an individual, was writing in response to the changing society of the twelfth century. This may be true, but the significant shift and emergence of “new men”  had happened a century or so earlier, as indeed had the “rise of the individual”, if that argument is accepted. So Daniel, who is apparently citing the norms he had seen in the court of King Henry II, but says in his conclusion that “Old King Henry first gave to the uncourtly the teaching written in this book”. I am inclined to see that as referring to King Henry I, whose reign did, in the view of Sir Richard Southern, see the rise of the “new men”. So I think Daniel would not been writing to deal not to deal with a whole generation but with those who were individually new to polite society- or indeed Society - and restating the obvious and accepted for an ever more complex social world.

The article from Medievalist. net is illustrated with a selection of quotations, which challenge both the behaviour of the original readership, and the modern mindset that sees everything medieval as scruffy and dirt. It can be seen at Medieval Life Hacks: Hygiene and Manners from the 12th Century

Wikipedia has an article about the poem at Book of the Civilized Man

This article has a useful bibliography to help place the text in its historical context. It also brings out in its quotations from the text of the poem what today might be termed the distinctly robust ideas of the author, who would also certainly fall foul of modern attitudes to perceived mysogyny, and his text denounced no doubt as a “hate crime’

That apart what really is hateful and uncivilised is that the publishers of the new translation are asking £135 for a 198 page book. Even more shocking this is not one of the uber expensive Benelux firms but Routledge here in the UK. So how are the ‘untrained boy-clerks’ , or their modern equivalents, that Daniel of Beccles wrote for to afford that?


Saturday, 31 August 2024

A Hilliard miniature of Lady Arbella Stuart


Last week Country Life had an article about a recently identified miniature of Lady Arbella Stuart. The researchers involved  have assigned it to 1592 and argue that it was painted at Greenwich Palace when Arbella and her formidable grandmother Bess of Harwick were on an extended stay at Greenwich. Arbella was a possible candidate for the English and Irish thrones as a descendant through her other grandmother, the Countess of Lennox, of King Henry VII’s elder daughter Queen Margaret of Scots. As English born this might seem preferable as a claim to that of her first cousin King James VI. Moreover Arbella’s role as a potential bride for a European suitor, and a game of diplomatic bluff, may lie behind the commission. 

Arbella’s fate was determined by her ancestry, by possible or an unwise marriage, and being in the shadow of the throne. Her personal tragedy was that she never escaped these constraints and was very much a pawn in other players political chess game.


Wikipedia has a biography of the luckless lady at Lady Arbella Stuart



Dominus Vobiscum


The New Liturgical Movement has an interesting article by Michael P. Foley which looks at one of the most frequently used phrases in the Latin Mass - and, in translation, in the vernacular liturgy  - the Dominus Vobiscum, and the congregational response. Noting its frequency in the liturgical action, and its consequent seeming insignificance, the article looks at its background and its recent translation history. It then explores its importance and how it should be understood as and when it is spoken, and what it invites the worshipper each time to reflect upon.

The article can be read at The Dominus Vobiscum


Friday, 30 August 2024

Steven Doody R.I.P.


This morning there took place in his home town of Newport in Shropshire the funeral of my Oxonian friend Steven Doody. 

Steven was one of a group of valued male and female friends I made in Oxford in my more active years there. A generation or so younger than me we bonded through a similar world view, often through shared church going, and certainly through shared meals in pubs and especially one favoured Italian restaurant. I recall many happy hours spent with him, and especially his unstinting help to me as Churchwarden in organising, during a vacancy, the celebration of Easter at St Thomas’ Oxford in 2004.

Steven died at the beginning of this month aged only 46. As a memorial, and with the speaker’s permission, I am reproducing here the eloquent eulogy given at the funeral by Steven’s school friend and fellow Oxonian, Dr Roland Enmarch, who now lectures in Egyptology at Liverpool University.

Steven Doody
16.iii.1978 – 5.viii.2024
Eulogy

I would like to begin by offering thanks to Tranters funeral directors, and to Rev. Ward and the staff of St. Nicholas’ Church, for organising this opportunity today for us to come together to remember Steven Doody, and to celebrate his life. 

And thank you all for coming here today, to show your love for our departed friend.

And may I say that all our hearts today are with Steven’s father, Dave, and his aunt, Mo, whose grief is great for the loss of a son (and nephew) of such extraordinary gifts ¬– of confidence, exuberance, great intelligence, and great love.  

I hope I can do him justice in these few words.

So, where to begin?  Well, Steven was a lover of tradition above all things, so let me be traditional and start at the beginning: I first met Steven Doody in 1989, when we both started at Adams Grammar School aged 11. Even then I think he may already have developed his trademark quizzical raised eyebrow and his uniquely mischievous way of arguing: – one of the earliest recollections I have of him was a heated argument we had over the correct way to spell the word ‘Britain’.  I am fairly sure that, in purely orthographic terms, I was in the right – but I certainly wasn’t the one who won the argument!

Fortunately, our friendship survived this first trial. And with his gift of a prodigious memory, -combined with dedicated study, Steven would soon be winning many more arguments, more fairly. And his memory really was prodigious: after the 1992 general election he spent hours in the Big School library poring over Whitaker’s Almanack –– there no was no Internet Wikipedia in those days –– and he memorised not just all the MPs of the new UK parliament, but he was also actually able to quote from memory all their majorities as well. I know this – because Steven insisted that I test him, repeatedly! 

Before long, he was achieving the same mental mastery of much of 19th and early 20th century British history, a period which frankly fascinated him, and for which he developed over the course of his life such a profound empathy: he could discourse learnedly for hours on any number of historical topics from this time, whether it be the Primrose League, the Second Irish Home Rule bill, Hedgers and Ditchers, or the question of tariff reform. He became a sure-footed master of the facts and the arguments, as well as the nuances. In later years, he wore his erudition rather lightly, but it remained a key part of who he was. 

Perhaps inevitably, in 1996 Steven became the first pupil of Adams’ in many years to go to Oxford to study History. He had already proven himself a gifted public speaker, with his forthright contributions at school to the William Adams’ Arts and Debating Society - these were already the stuff of legend. However, it was at Oxford where Steven’s rhetorical talents took wing, and where he really honed the charisma and humour that would be the hallmarks of his whole life.

I remember being rather in awe of Steven at Oxford – he successfully adopted a larger-than-life personality,  and seemed to make his whole existence into one giant artistic performance. 
He became a favourite of the student gossip columns, where he was known as ‘Thirties Throwback’ - a reference to his sense of style, and his love of old-fashioned clothes. His wardrobe was of the very finest and most elegant tweeds and cords, while accounts of his going to Ascot in full morning dress placed Steven (to me, at any rate) in an impossibly glamorous world – a star in the Oxford firmament. The press loved his look too – who can forget his popularisation of wearing rubber ducks as a fashion accessory, or the wonderful headline ‘Let’s party like it’s 1899’? 

As an undergraduate, Steven immersed himself in the world of student politics, serving in various elected capacities in the Oxford Union, and the Oxford University Student Union – but perhaps most notably he also managed to get himself elected as the leader of Oxford University’s  Conservative Association – and strikingly he went on to swiftly lead that organisation to quite unprecedented levels of national celebrity, as some of you may well remember.

That was one side of his Oxford life – and Steven’s exoteric antics are perhaps the ones most people know best.   But on a more profound level, Steven also had a very active inner life, to which perhaps fewer of us were privy. Here too, his Oxford years were crucial: in 1997, he first attended Sunday High Mass at Pusey House, and was instantly drawn to High Church Ritualism ¬– and its deep spiritual understanding – which went on to become cornerstones of his whole life.

As a terrible heathen, I may not be best placed to recollect Steven’s Pusey days. Fortunately, I have been helped here by another long-time friend and former congregant of Pusey House, John Whitehead - who sadly is unwell and cannot be here with us today. John tells me that he remembers Steven fondly as a generous and loyal friend, though he notes that Steven was a bit of a menace when swinging his incense-thurible during the mass…. 

It is only fair to add that Steven brought his love of fine clothes to his High Anglicanism: He was an authority on such things as the correct liturgical colours for Laetare Sunday, and he knew his biretta from his mozzetta from his zuchetto. In 2002, the highlight of his holiday in Rome was visiting Gamarelli the papal tailors, where he purchased episcopal purple socks (for himself), and a miniature biretta (for Tiny Bear, his teddy).

But more seriously, Steven drew a real and profound comfort from his High Anglican faith, in which he remained steadfast to the end of his life. Steven was a great believer in the power of prayer, and so at this point I should note that Fr. Barry Orford, of Pusey House, will be saying a requiem today on behalf of Steven - and Steven will also be remembered today at mass, by Fr. Alaric Lewis, in the church Steven attended for many years in Norwich, St. George’s Tombland. And I should also mention that many, many of Steven’s ecclesiastical friends have contacted me to say that they too have said masses, requiems and angeluses for Steven. 

After completing his studies, Steven stayed on in Oxford  – which he dearly loved – for some years, serving rather unexpectedly as the postmaster at St. Giles, a job he conducted with considerable flair before returning (as I think we all knew or hoped he would) to his true vocation in education. He became a teacher of History, first training in Liverpool where he is remembered with great fondness, and then working for many years at City College, Norwich, teaching sixth formers. Steven turned out to be a truly inspirational teacher – indeed his students successfully nominated him for an award for innovative teaching methods . . . which was wonderfully ironic, for such a determined traditionalist as Steven.  Unfortunately, failing eyesight began to pose increasing problems for Steven, and so eventually he had to give up this role in which he had been so successful, and which he had accomplished with such enjoyment.

Of course Steven remained fascinated by history and its infinite complexities, and in his later years even talked about embarking on a doctorate, to undertake a comprehensive study of the Liberal Unionist party from 1886-1912. Sadly, his fragile health prevented him from achieving this aim.

As I draw to a close, I want to stress just what a special person Steven was, to so many of us here and further afield, who knew and loved him.  He was a kind and generous soul, with a real gift for friendship: he had an easy way with people, effortlessly setting them at ease, and making them feel valued. His innate sense of life’s absurdities made him a natural comic, and he was adept at spreading mirth to everyone he encountered. He had a mischievous, transgressive sense of humour, always delivered with a raised eyebrow and a knowing smile.

Steven Doody was a lover of life, and he lived his life to the fullest. He followed his star, which shone brightly, if alas all too briefly, in this world. Let us hope for a better world to come.

Steven, you will not be forgotten. Rest in peace, my friend.




More on the Holy Shroud


Last week’s edition of the Catholic Herald had a useful and informative article about the recent research into the date of the Holy Shroud of Turin. This covers more than the study I linked to in my recent post The science of the Shroud of Turin

The Catholic Herald article can be seen at Shroud of Turin dates from time of Christ, scientists reveal

I think it ties in well with what I wrote the other week, that is, that when the apparently overwhelming evidence favours a conclusion, however seemingly implausible or unlikely to modern sensibilities, then it really should be given due weight and consideration. If that is done then the case for the Shroud really being what it is believed to be attains the level of the highly or very probable. It does not prove the historic claim, as nothing can ultimately prove that, but it can establish the case for probability that edges towards scientifically acceptable certitude. Of course that does depend, in many cases, on individuals - never mind the  ‘group think’ - being willing or prepared to think outside their established frame of reference. We can but hope.


Thursday, 29 August 2024

The Decollation of St John the Baptist


Today is the Feast of the Decollation of St John the Baptist.

This was a very popular subject for artistic commissions over many centuries, and with a strong tendency in the Baroque age after the Council of Trent to favour settings in an enclosed, darkened prison. These were often influenced by Caravaggio’s style and emphasised side-lit exposed male musculature and striking facial expression to show off the skill of the artist.

A striking example is this work by the Flemish or Dutch born artist Matthias Stom. There is an account of what is known of his life and of his work from Wikipedia at Matthias Stom. Appropriately as its subject is St John it is now in the National Galley of Fine Arts in Valetta in Malta. Stom carried out several commissions apparently for clients on the island, and St John would be likely as a subject.

File:Matthias Stom - The beheading of St John the Baptist.jpg

The Decollation of St John the Baptist
Matthias Stom, dated to 1640-45

Image: Wikimedia 

To add to the horror and goriness of the subject Stom has painted a bloodied sword beneath and in front of St John’s head whilst the executioner is completing his task of severing the saint’s head, sawing through the neck with a shorter knife. Historically this happened on occasion at executions, but I have not seen it depicted in art before. One might add that, as with many such depictions of martyrdoms or actual executions witnesses are shown, as here, improbably, directly in line for a significant blood spattering. 

Stom also depicted the next episode in the story with another work:



Salome with the head of St John the Baptist

Image: Wikipedia 

I do not have the date of this work or its location. The model for Salome is clearly different and older, but she wears a similar blue dress over an ivory gown to the equivalent figure in the painting of the Decollation. The head of St John in both paintings is very similar if not indeed identical, which suggests the same model or the use of a sketchbook of studies.

May St John the Baptist pray for us




Wednesday, 28 August 2024

Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Walsingham


Today, finally, metaphorically travel stained and footsore - even if from not doing the last mile barefoot from the Slipper Chapel - the Pilgrimage and its pilgrims reaches Walsingham. Canon Stevenson’s route may be circuitous, and I have certainly compounded that with my own additions, so even without my own hospital detour for two and a half months, this year has been something of a trudge.

Nevertheless, thanks be to God and to Our Lady, we have reached, at least in our hearts and minds, the Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham, England’s Nazareth, and that in the year that its liturgical celebration on September 24th, has been raised to the level of a Feast in the Ordinary Form.

Thanks to the work of Edmund Waterton and Fr Bridgett in the nineteenth century, and the remarkable restoration of Walsingham as a great place of pilgrimage, initially by Anglicans led by the redoubtable Fr Hope-Patten, and then by the Roman Catholic hierarchy, Walsingham has received far more attention by historians than the vast majority of shrines we have virtually visited since we left Glastonbury. That said much remains obscure, not least its origins, about Walsingham, and that can be just as tantalising and mysterious as the experience of going there and seeking spiritual insight. 

My previous posts about the shrine can be accessed at Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Walsingham 

There are as many Walsingham as there are pilgrims to it.  It is holy, it is graced, it is different - but so too once were many, doubtless in their own way, all of the shrines we have visited on this journey. Their destruction is summed up in the verses of A Lament for Our Lady’s Shrine at Walsingham, possibly by St Philip Howard. The text of the poem and a commentary can be read at Poem of the week: A Lament for Our Lady's Shrine at Walsingham

I would however dispute with the author of the article the identity of the ‘Prince of Walsingham’ - that must be Christ and not the self proclaimed Supreme Head.

This has been a journey through ruins and sites, and, very rarely, living shrines. Yet the last century of rebirth at Walsingham, so counter-cultural in Protestant or secular England, is incredibly moving. Someone once wrote in an article that Walsingham High Street is the only one in the country where it is easier to buy a rosary than a loaf of bread. In that is summed up the wondrous nature and quality, the quirkiness and the holiness, of Walsingham. It is a place where Our Lady does great things.

I find that writing this little article makes me emotional. I feel tearful. Tears of sorrow, tears of joy. That is what Walsingham does to you.


May Our Lady of Walsingham pray for The King and all the Royal Family and for us all