Once I was a clever boy learning the arts of Oxford... is a quotation from the verses written by Bishop Richard Fleming (c.1385-1431) for his tomb in Lincoln Cathedral. Fleming, the founder of Lincoln College in Oxford, is the subject of my research for a D. Phil., and, like me, a son of the West Riding. I have remarked in the past that I have a deeply meaningful on-going relationship with a dead fifteenth century bishop... it was Fleming who, in effect, enabled me to come to Oxford and to learn its arts, and for that I am immensely grateful.


Friday, 29 May 2026

Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Runwell


After their unexpected diversion to the lower reaches the Medway the Pilgrimage resumes in Essex. One can perhaps envisage out hypothetical medieval alter ego taking a boat from the Medway or perhaps from King Edward III’s new development of Queenborough on the Isle of Sheppey, across the Thames to the Essex shore, landing maybe in Prittlewell.

The first object of the Pilgrimage is Our Lady’s Well at Runwell which is a few miles inland and due south of Chelmsford. This has been claimed as the only holy well in Essex

My source for this is a post from The Northern Antiquarian which can be seen at Our Lady’s Well, Runwell, Essex

That article seems to assemble such evidence as there is, and of which the quotation from the parish registers in 1602 to the Shrine of the Bl. Virgin of Runnyngewelle  appears the most striking.

There is some more information on The Megalithic Portal at The Running Well 

The Essex Field Club has a brief account, giving the first date of a record of its existence as 1768, at Geology Site Account: Running Well

It might be significant, but then again might not , that the parish church is also dedicated to St Mary


The church of St Mary Runwell

Image: Wickford and Runwell parish

May Our Lady of Runwell intercede for us and our intentions 

Jesu mercy, Mary pray

Oak Apple Day


I wish a happy and joyful Oak Apple Day to my readers  and hope that some at least will be able to take part in some of the traditional ways of celebrating the Restoration of King Charles II to his thrones in 1660. 


King Charles II in his new regalia and robes of state as King of England in 1661

Image: Royal Collection - Wikipedia 

I have found short online pieces that are relevant to today. The first is a Country Life article from 2015 about the observance of the day as a holiday and the various customs that survive in different towns and villages. It can be read at Bring back Oak Apple Day

The second is from the National Churches Trust and follows the itinerary of the King’s flight from Worcester in the autumn of 1651 to his eventual escape from what is now Brighton and to safety in France. It can be found at Oak apple day 

 
King Charles II at the time of the Battle of Worcester 

Image: History Today

In addition there is a 2001 History Today article about the King’s time at Boscobel House in Shropshire where he did hide for a day in the branches of the famous oak tree near the house. The account can be read at Charles II Hides in the Boscobel Oak
 
Now that we once again have a King Charles it seems to reinforce the case for making more of Oak Apple Day.

Thursday, 28 May 2026

Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Gillingham and Our Lady of Chatham


These two shrines are an addition to the original itinerary, and also a further deviation from what was planned for this year. However, to my good fortune, I came across the website of avereginamaria.info This had material which I had seen before but had forgotten.  

This concerns two parochial shrines on the banks of the Medway, just outside Rochester in Kent, at Gillingham and Chatham.

I have slightly edited and amended the account which comes from Fr J.S.Northcote Celebrated Sanctuaries of the Madonna  1868 


The niche in which stood the famous statue of Our Lady of Gillingham may still be seen over the west door of the ancient parish church which likewise contained a cross which was held to be miraculous. 


Gillingham Church

The niche for the statue can still be seen on the west face of the tower

 

Image: Geograph - David Martin 


Even  more celebrated was the neighbouring sanctuary of Chatham, an ancient Norman church, now destroyed, in which existed many singular and beautiful remains of ancient architecture. Under the entrance arch to the north porch appeared an empty niche and bracket with figures of angels at the sides extending their wings as if over the head of the figure of Our Lady that formerly occupied it, and other angels bending prostrate towards Her. In this niche the famous image is believed to have stood, ….. [W]hen the old church was pulled down in 1788…. fragments of sculpture richly painted and gilt were discovered among the materials with  

which the east window had been built up. Among these fragments were headless figures of the Blessed Virgin and Her Divine Child. The figure of Our Lady was dressed in a mantle fastened across the breast by a fibula in which still remained some pieces of coloured glass in imitation of precious stones.  This was in all probability the ancient and much-honoured statue of Our Lady of Chatham, desecrated at the time of the reformation, and broken up with other building rubbish for the purpose of yet further defacing the church in which it had been honoured for centuries, by blocking its window.



A mid-sixteenth century map of the Medway below Rochester, with north at the bottom 
Chatham church can be seen on the left

Image: Alamy 
 


Mention of both these last-named sanctuaries occurs in a legend preserved by William Lambarde in his pioneering county history A Perambulation of Kent, published in 1576. 


It happened on a certain day, he says, that the corpse of some unknown man was cast on shore somewhere within the parish of Chatham, and was by charitable persons given burial in the church-yard. That night, however, as the parish clerk of Chatham slept, he was aroused by a voice at his window, and asking who was there, it was answered that Our Lady of Chatham willed him to know that the person lately buried near unto the place where She was honored was a sinner, “which so offended Her eye with his ghastly grinning, that unless he were removed, She could not but (to the great grief of good people) withdraw Herself from that place, and cease Her wonted miraculous working among them,” and therefore She willed him to take up the corpse and cast it back into the river. The clerk accordingly arose, and going to the church yard disinterred the body, and conveyed it to the spot where it was first found. Being carried away by the waters it was again taken out by some of the parishioners of Gillingham, who did as those of Chatham had done before them, and buried it in their church-yard. “But see what followed: not only the Cross of Gillingham, that a while before bestowed many miracles, was now deprived of its virtue, but even the very earth where the carcass was laid did continually forever after sink and settle downwards.” 

May Our Lady of Gillingham and Our Lady of Chatham intercede for us and our intentions

Jesu mercy, Mary pray

Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Caversham


From Reading, the Pilgrimage now crosses the Thames to go to what was one of the most important and also best recorded Marian shines of mediaeval England. That was the shrine of  Our Lady of Caversham, and having been exquisitely restored in the twentieth century, is one can visit today, but not in its original location 

My post from last year, which links to previous ones which give quite a detailed account of the history of the shrine, and of its recreation, can be accessed by following the links from Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Caversham 



The crowned statue with the recent wall paintings 

Image: ourladyandstanne.org



A closer view of the statue

Image: ourladyandstanne.org
  


The Norman style chapel built in the 1950s attached to the Edwardian church

Image: ourladyandstanne.org


The chapel is so technically accurate one could believe it to be twelfth not twentieth century 

Image: interfaithmary.net

May Our Lady of Caversham intercede for us and our intentions

Jesu mercy, Mary pray

Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Reading


Moving along the banks of the Thames the Pilgrimage now pauses at King Henry I’s great Cluniac Benedictine foundation of Reading Abbey. Its close connection with the descendants of the founder and proximity to Windsor ensured it hosted royal weddings and burials as well as Great Councils and at least one Parliament 



Reconstruction of Reading Abbey circa 1500
A model in Reading Museum

Image: Friends of Reading Abbey - Reading Museum



 

Plan of Reading Abbey
It appears similar to that of Bury St Edmunds.
The easternmost chapel seems to have been replaced by a larger Lady Chapel in later centuries
 
Image: Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture 


An older plan that indicates the later Lady Chapel but not the two flanking chapels. This does include the known claustral buildings 

Image: Friends of Reading Abbey
 As I have pointed out in my notes for other years, all of which are accessible from my post last year are accessible at Marian pilgrimage - Our Lady of Reading

To that I would add the revised and updated Wikipedia
entry at Reading_Abbey

It is good to learn from that about the conservation and enhancement of the site. Reading was one of the great abbeys of medieval England yet its bartered rubble core remains were to the uninitiated unappreciated. They certainly were and are a testimony to the fury of destruction that fell on the abbey in 1539 and the martyrdom on the site of the last abbot, Bl. Hugh Farringdon.  
 
Together with new features in the already fascinating Reading Museum - with a sizeable display on Roman Silchester and a nineteenth century embroidered facsimile of the Bayeux Tapestry -  Reading Abbey is very well worth visiting

May Our Lady of Reading intercede for us and our intentions
 
Jesu mercy, Mary pray




Wednesday, 27 May 2026

Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Windsor

 
Travelling back to the eastern limits of the medieval diocese of Salisbury the Pilgrimage now comes to Windsor and the devotion to Our Lady at St George’s Chapel within Windsor Castle - and possibly by extension at the nearby foundation of King Henry VI at Eton College.

My previous posts on the images at the centre of Marian veneration at Windsor can be accessed from Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Windsor

By working back through the links to my.first, and most detailed one in 2020, readers will see that I suggest sine if the statues might have resembled the wonderful, yet but delightfully charming Goldenes Rossl given in 1405 as a New Year’s gift to King Charles VI of France by his Queen, Isabeau of Bavaria, and which the King almost immediately gave to the Queen’s brother, the Duke of Bavaria, which is why it now survives at the great Bavarian Marian shrine at Alttöting
 
I have now copied some close up images of this exquisite object and which give an ideas of the opulence of court and ecclesiastical art at the time. In spirit at least such objects as this piece and others in the Louvre and British Museum, anticipate Fabergé’s Imperial Easter Eggs
 

King Charles VI of France kneels before the Virgin and Child

Image:ima.princeton.edu



Our Lady and the Christ Child

Image: antonbrandl.de


Detail of King Charles VI

Image: antonbrandl.de

May Our Lady of Windsor intercede for us and our intentions

Jesu mercy, Mary pray


Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Northende Sherborne


This visit on the Pilgrimage is another addition to the itinerary, and one that brings us to one of my favourite churches, Sherborne Abbey in Dorset.

The outside has the calm elegance of its fifteenth century renewal, whilst the interior is a sublime place of prayer created over the decades associated with the Wars of the Roses. Sherborne is a wonderful antidote to seeing the fifteenth century as gloom and doom. What is more the seemingly effortless rhythm of the masonry literally conceals the fact that the core of the building is the late Anglo-Saxon cathedral, and not an entirely new building. For all its varied and sometimes turbulent history, not least when the present appearance of the church was taking shape in the fifteenth century the abbey has an ordered spiritual calm that transcends time and space.

Wikipedia has a detailed history, which includes the sometimes fraught relations between the abbey community and the townspeople over parochial rights, which can be read at Sherborne_Abbey
 

Sherborne Abbey from the south west
The pseudo-Norman porch is an unfortunate Victorian recreation replacing the fifteenth century re-casing
The destroyed church All Hallows extended west from the main abbey. The springer for its easternmost window can be seen. The shrine of Our Lady was in the area in shadow

Image: Sherborne Abbey


The interior looking east

Image: Wikipedia 


Sherborne Abbey with the attached church of All Hallows circa 1530

Image: strongwomen.org.uk

The statue of what was known as Our Lady of Northende stood in the now destroyed parish church of All Hallows in a chapel at the extreme east end of the north aisle. This appears to have been resorted to by local women in particular.
 
Fortunately here there survive churchwardens accounts from the early sixteenth century recording offerings at the shrine. Thus we actually have named pilgrims and benefactors to the statue. The rarely preserved details of devotion can be read in Our Lady of Northerne, All Hallows church, Sherborne


The sanctuary of Sherborne Abbey

Image: CleverDeverWherever

May Our Lady of Northende Sherborne 
intercede for us and our intentions

Jesu mercy, Mary pray





Marian Pilgrimage - Our Lady of Salisbury


The Pilgrimage now travels westward from Hampshire to the cathedral city of Salisbury in Wiltshire. Salisbury is still, as it was in the medieval period, dominated by the cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary.


Salisbury Cathedral

Image:Wikipedia 

Salisbury was a specific focus by reason of the dedication for Marian prayer but there seems to be no clear evidence of a specific statue as at the similarly dedicated cathedral at Lincoln.

Our Lady of Salisbury pilgrim badge. © Salisbury Museum
Our Lady of Salisbury, pilgrim badge
Although not that clear the badge does shows standing figure of Our Lady holding the Christ Child rather than the earlier enthroned type

Image: Wessex Museums

 

The Virgin Mary, being patron of Salisbury Cathedral, was believed to protect Salisbury’s citizens. In 1409 a local girl watching a game of quoits was hit on the head by an iron ring – she recovered after bystanders prayed to Our Lady of Salisbury. The Wessex Museum service says the shrine was popular with pilgrims from Europe, but unfortunately does not give further details.




Salisbury Cathedral in the 1670s
On the left is the bell tower which was built in the early 1260s and tragically demolished in 1790.
This is how the cathedral would have appeared to medieval pilgrims

Image: rareoldprints.com

There is more about the bell tower in my 2011 post Vandalism at Salisbury Cathedral and I still believe it should be rebuilt, not least because then the cathedral could have bells again - it is one of three Anglian cathedrals that do not have any.


The Salisbury bell tower 
The octagonal upper stage and spire were of wood and removed some years before the final demolition 

Image: Wikinedia Commons


May Our Lady of Salisbury intercede for us and our intentions


Jesu mercy, Mary pray