Yesterday I was booked to give a tour of the Oxford of King Charles I
and the Civil War for a group of intending A-level
students. It is some time since I gave a guided tour with this theme
and it proved to be agood opportunity to revise and amplify it in the
light of more reading and research. Despite the drizzle and then rain I
think it worked well, although we eventually decided to cut it to a shorter length
because of the rainfall.
Nevertheless it was possible to consider the court culture exemplified
by Archbishop laud's Canterbury Quad at St John's, opened by the King in
1636 and to talk about the world that he and his courtiers inhabited.
From that curtain raiser we moved on to see where the King entered
Oxford after Edgehill in October 1642, and similarly the site of the
gateway by which he left in April 1646 to place himself in the hands of
the Scots.
I outlined the defensive workks built to protect the city as the
Royalsit capital, and emphasised my view that although it sounds
romantic, for everyone, from the King downwards those years in Oxford
must have been frequently strained and uncomfortable. The city was in
the forefront of the Royalist bid to take London, and they remained
stuck here. For the other side the King the great prize for the
Parliamentarians to take. As a result he had on occasion to be smuggled
out of the city to protect him from capture.
Oxford itself suffered outbreaks of typhus and plague as well as
aserious fire in on epart in the autumn of 1644. The colleges were taken
over as provisional governmental offices or munitions stores, the Royalist part of
Parliament met in the Bodleian - which famously pointed out to the King
that even he could not borrow a book from it - and the colleges found
themselves accomodating old members who moved in with families,
retainers and troops. Batchelor dons found themselves much put out by such disturbances to their routine.
At Christ Church the places used by the King can still be seen and at
Merton there is still the Queen's Room which was used by Queen Henrietta
Maria during her stay in 1643-4. My own college of Oriel, then newly rebuilt, housed the Privy Council.
The weather prevented us going to look at the site of the Mint, which
operated from early in 1643, and produced coins, using college plate amongst other donations and requisitions for bullion, such as those
illustrated
here. In addition to these there is the 1644 Oxford Crown - almost the only British coin to depict a city and a magnificent piece of numismatic art:
Image:superstock.com
A slightly more worn example, actual size(?)
Image:ashmolean.org
This
was a tour which, I hope, fired the imagination of the students to
learn more about the significance of such things as the Laudian porch of
St Mary's or to imagine Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice living in the
High, just below Carfax, or Rupert and the King playing tennis in a court whose remains survive within Oriel, and the sheer problems of living in an
increasingly beleagured city under threat. It is easy to evoke the
spirit of the times and of place - the buildings are one's lecture
notes, and that is one of the pleasures of living in Oxford.
