Today
is the feast day of St Nicholas, Bishop of Myra in the fourth century
and who became one of the most popular saints on the middle ages, and
retains his appeal to the present day. I posted about him last year in Celebrating St Nicholas.
St Nicholas
Fr Angelico 1423-4
Image:Wikipaintings
Today his relics are at Bari in Apulia. In 1071 Bari had been captured by
Robert Guiscard, following a three year siege. Under Norman rule the
Basilica di San Nicola was founded in 1087 to receive the relics of the saint, which had been surreptitiously brought from
Myra in
Lycia,
in Byzantine territory. The saint thereby began his development from Saint
Nicholas of Myra into Saint Nicholas of Bari and began to attract
pilgrims, whose encouragement and care became central to the local economy.
Pope Urban II consecrated the Basilica in 1089.
I was interested to read recently in D.C.Douglas' The Normans and their Achievement
how the translation of St Nicholas' relics to Bari led to the rapid
dissemination of the cult of this essentially eastern saint across the
Norman world. It is an interesting illustration of the spread of ideas
and devotion in the period and of the cultural contacts of the Normans.
Thus it looks as if most ancient English churches dedicated to him date
from after this famous incident of furta sacra
and were new developments of parishes in existing towns or to serve
entirely new developments. Thus the churches of St Nicholas in Great
Yarmouth, King's Lynn, Newcastle upon Tyne (all sea faring towns of
course, and St Nicholas is the patron of seafarers), Nottingham and
Thorne, as well as a lost chapel near where I live in Oxford appear to
represent the rapid and extensive devotion to him in the wake of the
Norman acquisition of his remains. Indeed I think another such example
can be cited from my own home town of Pontefract where the hospital (almshouse) of
St Nicholas appears to have comeinto being under that name by the 1090s,
although based around a possibly older foundation.By the thirteenth century what appears to have been the ancestor of my old school was attached to the hospital - a suitable link given St Nicholas' role as patron of children.
