Once I was a clever boy learning the arts of Oxford... is a quotation from the verses written by Bishop Richard Fleming (c.1385-1431) for his tomb in Lincoln Cathedral. Fleming, the founder of Lincoln College in Oxford, is the subject of my research for a D. Phil., and, like me, a son of the West Riding. I have remarked in the past that I have a deeply meaningful on-going relationship with a dead fifteenth century bishop... it was Fleming who, in effect, enabled me to come to Oxford and to learn its arts, and for that I am immensely grateful.


Friday, 7 November 2025

Identifying the site of the battle of the Granicus


Researchers in Anatolia believe they can pinpoint the actual site of the battle of the Granicus, fought in 334BC, and the first of Alexander the Great’s victories over the Persian Empire.

The Grabicus is a river which flows north-west into the Sea of Marmora. Whilst the general location of the battle is well known, these latest investigations by analysing the descriptions of the battle and the terrain, as well as archaeological evidence of burials have led to a much more precise identification.

Their conclusions are set out in an article on Biography.com, and which can be viewed at A Stunning New Discovery May Rewrite the Legend of Alexander the Great

Wikipedia has a very detailed account of the battle and a discussion of the sources at Battle of the Granicus

and there is additional information about the geography of the site at Biga Çayı


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