Once I was a clever boy learning the arts of Oxford... is a quotation from the verses written by Bishop Richard Fleming (c.1385-1431) for his tomb in Lincoln Cathedral. Fleming, the founder of Lincoln College in Oxford, is the subject of my research for a D. Phil., and, like me, a son of the West Riding. I have remarked in the past that I have a deeply meaningful on-going relationship with a dead fifteenth century bishop... it was Fleming who, in effect, enabled me to come to Oxford and to learn its arts, and for that I am immensely grateful.


Tuesday, 24 June 2025

Medieval summers


The recent very hotspell - by British standards - has been a reminder not just of ‘global warming’ but of how we all live lives conditioned by the changing seasons and by the climate. That was in many ways all the more true for people in past centuries, with fewer devices to ameliorate the extremes of heat and cold.

This has to be set against longer term trends of  differences in average temperatures over centuries, and, with climate variation, the experience of extremes of hot and cold, of drought and deluge over individual years or over a decade. Medieval people saw dramatic climatic shifts that we do not - central Italian cities buried in snow for weeks on end  or the summer of 1540 when it was claimed it was possible to drive a wagon across the virtually dry riverbed of the Rhine…. 

Medievalists.net has an article that serves as an introduction to living, working in and surviving the warmth and the heat of medieval summers which can be seen at What Summer Was Like in the Middle Ages


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